HydroCERA is a two-layer permeable ceramic paver manufactured from recycled ceramic tiles.
HydroCERA contains no hazardous substances and is therefore considered to be harmless to human health and the environment.
Recycled material – ceramic waste sourced mainly from the manufacturer’s factories.
Binding agent – Betonite powder. Bentonite clays are a group of fine textured non-toxic naturally occurring minerals associated with volcanic deposition or in sedimentary deposits. Bentonite is used in a wide variety of industrial applications.
Oxide – used to colour the surface layer only.
Drying process – kiln / furnace
| Nominal Size (mm) * | Work Size (mm) | Kg/unit | Units/m2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 150 x 150 x 60 | 147 x 147 x 60 | 2.30 | 44.5 |
| 200 x 100 x 60 | 197 x 97 x 60 | 1.96 | 50.0 |
| 200 x 200 x 60 | 197 x 197 x 60 | 4.10 | 25.0 |
| 300 x 150 x 60 | 297 x 147 x 60 | 4.70 | 22.3 |
| 300 x 300 x 60 | 297 x 297 x 60 | 9.50 | 11.1 |
| 450 x 300 x 60 | 447 x 297 x 60 | 14.80 | 7.4 |
| Minimum characteristic breaking load kN | Work size minimum thickness mm |
|---|
| Pavers | Flags | Pavers | Flags | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residential | Pedestrian only (eg paths patios and outdoor areas | 2 | 5 | 40 | 40 |
| Pedestrian and light vehicles only (eg driveways parking spaces | 3 | 7 | 40 | 50 | |
| Pedestrian and commercial vehicles | 5 | 7 | 60 | 60 | |
| Public Space | Pedestrian only | 2 | 5 | 40 | 40 |
| Pedestrian and light vehicles only | 3 | 7 | 50 | 50 | |
| Pedestrian and commercial vehicles | 5 | ** | 60 | ** | |
| Roads | Minor and residential | 6 | NA | 60 | NA |
| Local access | 6 | NA | 60 | NA | |
| Collector | 6 | NA | 76 | NA |
HydroCERA has been tested under appropriate AS/NZ test methods for Breaking Load, Permeability, Water Absorption and Slip Resistance.
The following table summarizes mean results obtained. Pavers for the tests were supplied by Foshan Ryowa Co. Ltd, shipped to Australia in April 2016, and submitted for testing to BEMAC Laboratories, Smithfield NSW in June 2016.
| TEST | TEST METHOD | SAMPLE UNIT | TEST RESULT | DOWNLOAD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breaking Load | AS/NZS 4456.5 | 197 x 97 x 60 mm | 16.6 kN | Certificate |
| . . SD Breaking Load | 2.6 kN | |||
| . . Characteristic Breaking Load | 12.3 kN | |||
| . . Modulus of Rupture (MoR) | 10.7 MPa | |||
| . . SD MoR | 1.7 MPa | |||
| Breaking Load | AS/NZS 4456.5 | 297 x 147 x 60 mm | 10.3 kN | Certificate |
| . . SD Breaking Load | 1.5 kN | |||
| . . Characteristic Breaking Load | 7.8 kN | |||
| . . Modulus of Rupture (MoR) | 7.3 MPa | |||
| . . SD MoR | 1.0 MPa | |||
| Breaking Load | AS/NZS 4456.5 | 297 x 297 x 60 mm | 13.3 kN | Certificate |
| . . SD Breaking Load | 2.1 kN | |||
| . . Characteristic Breaking Load | 9.8 kN | |||
| . . Modulus of Rupture (MoR) | 4.7 MPa | |||
| . . SD MoR | 0.7 MPa | |||
| Permeability | QMR Q304 2002 | 34 metres per 24 hours Category C | Certificate | |
| Water Absorption | AS 4456.14 | 297 x 297 x 60 mm | 10.2 % | Certificate |
| Slip Resistance | AS/NZS 4586 2013 | 297 x 297 x 60 mm | BPN 47 Surface Class P4 | Certificate |
__________________________________________ INTERPETATION OF RESULTS
Breaking Load
Breaking load or failure of a paving unit is reported under AS 4456.5 (Determination of Breaking Load for Pavers and Flags) as mean breaking load and standard deviation. For example, 197 x 97 x 60 mm paving units recorded a mean breaking load of 16.6 kN and a standard deviation of 2.6 kN. Modulus of rupture or “bending strength” is calculated at 10.7 MPa with a standard deviation of 1.7 MPa.
Breaking load is sometimes reported as characteristic breaking load, which is the value that will be exceeded by at least 95% of the units tested. The characteristic breaking load for the 197 x 97 x 60 mm paving units tested is 12.3 kN. This value is more than double the minimum value required for pavers in public space and light/commercial vehicle traffic applications (see preceding section Minimum Load Requirements for Pavers and Flags).
Compressive Strength
While the compressive strength of a paving unit is sometimes reported, it is arguable whether the measure is relevant to segmental pavements. HydroCERA has not been tested for compressive strength in the latest round of testing. Tests commissioned by Foshan Ryowa give a characteristic compressive strength for 197 x 97 x 60 mm paving units of 67 MPa.
Permeability
The paving units were tested for permeability under the Queensland Main Roads (QMR) Q304 2002 test method for determining permeability of asphalt. An average permeability of 34 metres per 24 hours for the 5 paving units was achieved. This is equivalent to 23.6 mm per min (23.6 litres per min per m2) ie Category C “permeable” rating. The highest individual test result was 50 metres per 24 hours ie 34.7 mm per minute (34.7 litres per min per m2). HydroSTON by comparison has a Category E “free draining” rating under AS 4456.16 and QMR Q304 2002.
Water Absorption
The water absorption capacity of HydroCERA is relatively high in comparison to that of HydroSTON and is an important feature of HydroCERA. Testing conducted according to AS 4456.14:2003 on 197 x 97 x 60 mm paving units gave a reading of 10.2 %.
Slip Resistance
297 x 297 x 60 mm paving units achieved a mean BPN (British Pendulum Number) rating of 47 using the wet pendulum slip test method specified in AS/NZS 4586 – 2013: Appendix A (slip resistance classification of new pedestrian surface materials). This equates to surface class P4 or to a W Class rating (low risk of slippage) under the classification system applying until 2013.
__________________________________________ TEST RESULTS PROVIDED BY MANUFACTURER
The above results are broadly consistent with results obtained from tests conducted for Foshan Ryowa by independent accredited laboratories in Hong Kong and Japan, in accordance with relevant Australian, British/European and Japanese industrial standards. Performance results have been collated by HydroCon from test reports provided.